The flugelhorn has an interesting history that traces back to military and brass band traditions in Europe, with roots that intertwine with the evolution of other brass instruments.
Early Origins
The name “flugelhorn” comes from the German word Flügel, meaning “wing” or “flank.” It was originally used in the 18th century Austrian military where the “Flügelhornist” was a signaling officer, calling troops to the wings of the battlefield.
Early flugelhorns were valveless bugle-like horns, used for signaling—much like trumpets and bugles were in various armies.
Development into a Musical Instrument
Around the early 19th century, as valve technology emerged, the flugelhorn began to evolve into a fully chromatic instrument.
It was developed further by Heinrich Stölzel and Friedrich Blühmel, the inventors of the valve system, which revolutionized brass instruments.
Use in Bands and Jazz
The flugelhorn became popular in brass bands, particularly in the UK, and found a niche in military and concert bands across Europe.
Its mellow, warm tone (softer and darker than a trumpet) made it a favorite for melodic and lyrical passages.
Jazz and Popular Music
In the 1950s and ’60s, the flugelhorn made its way into jazz. Notable players include:
Clark Terry
Art Farmer (who helped popularize it in small jazz ensembles)
Chuck Mangione, known for making it a lead voice in smooth jazz.
It’s also used in some pop and soul recordings, thanks to its lush sound.
Design and Differences
It resembles a trumpet but with a wider, more conical bore, giving it a darker, rounder tone.
Typically pitched in B♭, like the trumpet and cornet.
It usually has three valves, though some have a fourth valve for extra range and tuning help.
In Summary:
The flugelhorn started as a military signaling instrument and developed into a lyrical, expressive brass instrument embraced in band music and jazz. Its unique tone makes it a standout voice among brass instruments.
Jazz & Fusion Legends
- Art Farmer – “Soul Eyes”
One of the most lyrical flugelhorn players in jazz history.
This ballad is a perfect example of how he used the instrument for smooth, emotive phrasing.
- Chuck Mangione – “Feels So Good”
Maybe the most iconic flugelhorn tune ever.
Smooth jazz classic with a super catchy melody and a soaring, bright flugelhorn solo.
- Clark Terry – “Mumbles”
Known for his humor and innovation, Clark Terry blends flugelhorn with scat singing in a playful, virtuosic way.
Also check out his flugelhorn playing with the Duke Ellington Orchestra.
- Kenny Wheeler – “Everybody’s Song But My Own”
Beautifully modern and emotional. Wheeler blends jazz with classical and avant-garde textures.
His tone is both haunting and delicate—a master of subtlety.
Classical/Concert Band Moments
- Philip Sparke – “A London Overture”
Often performed by brass bands; features flugelhorn in a lyrical, prominent solo part.
Shows how the instrument fits beautifully in a concert band context.
Pop/Soul Crossovers
- Chet Baker – “Almost Blue” (live versions)
Though known more for trumpet, Chet occasionally played flugelhorn.
His cool jazz tone translates beautifully to the instrument—soft, mournful, and intimate.
- Herb Alpert – “Rise”
Not exclusively flugelhorn, but some tracks feature it in layered horn sections and solos.
Smooth, Latin-influenced jazz-pop sound.
